摘要 :
Goal: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) among Asian Americans compared with other ethnicities. Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects an estimated ...
展开
Goal: The goal of this study was to determine the prevalence and characteristics of chronic hepatitis C (CHC) among Asian Americans compared with other ethnicities. Background: Chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) affects an estimated 2.7 million in the United States, but there are limited data on HCV among Asian Americans. Study: A total of 3,369,881 adults over the age of 18 who were patients of the integrated health care system in Southern California and 4903 Asian participants at community hepatitis screenings were included in a cross-sectional study. Variables included HCV serology, HCV genotype, comorbidities, and coinfections. Results: The prevalence of CHC was 1.3% in the general population (8271 adults) and 0.6% among Asians. The prevalence of CHC was significantly higher in the 1945-1965 birth cohort with 2.7% (5876) in the general population and 1.0% (313) among Asians ( P <0.001). Asians had the highest rates of hepatitis B coinfection (2.9% vs. 0.2%, P <0.001). The distribution of genotypes among Asians differed from the general population with the most common genotype being 1b (27.5%) and a higher presence of genotype 6 (9.5%) ( P <0.001). The presence of cirrhosis was 17.6% in Asians. Disaggregated Asian data showed that CHC was highest among Vietnamese and Cambodian and that genotype 6 was predominant among these 2 subgroups. Conclusions: The prevalence of chronic HCV was significantly lower in Asians compared with other ethnicities. However, disaggregated data among Asians showed the highest prevalence rates among adults from Vietnam and Cambodia.
收起
摘要 :
OBJECTIVE: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) can be cured with oral antivirals. Awareness of CHC is a substantial barrier to the World Health Organization’s goal of eradicating HCV by 2030. This study aimed at evaluating CHC awareness am...
展开
OBJECTIVE: Chronic hepatitis C (CHC) can be cured with oral antivirals. Awareness of CHC is a substantial barrier to the World Health Organization’s goal of eradicating HCV by 2030. This study aimed at evaluating CHC awareness among different departments in a Western Black Sea Region University Hospital. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Anti-HCV and HCV RNA test results of all patients admitted to our center for whatever reason and who underwent anti-HCV screening between January 2017 and January 2022 were analyzed. CHC awareness has been defined as the presence of HCV RNA testing for anti-HCV positives. RESULTS: Of the 63,963 patients who underwent anti-HCV testing, anti-HCV positivity was observed in 2%. HCV RNA was tested in 647 (48.8%) patients who had tested positive for anti-HCV. The HCV RNA was positive in 212 (32.7%) patients tested. Only 66 (29.7%) of those with positive HCV RNA test results had received antiviral therapy. The distribution of HCV RNA testing rates for patients with positive anti-HCV by different departments were as follows: 33% (n=78/232) in medical inpatient clinics, 78% (n=539/685) in medical outpatient clinics, 7% (n=16/223) in surgical inpatient clinics, 7% (n=14/183) in surgical outpatient clinics, and 0% in the emergency department. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of anti-HCV positivity in our region was 2%. Less than half of the patients tested for anti-HCV had HCV RNA testing, and less than a third of the HCV RNA-positive patients received antiviral therapy. To meet the WHO’s HCV eradication target by 2030, it is necessary to increase physicians’ awareness of CHC.
收起
摘要 :
Background There is much controversy surrounding the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Aims The aim of this review was to review the natural history of HCV infection.Methods Published English literature was sea...
展开
Background There is much controversy surrounding the natural history of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. Aims The aim of this review was to review the natural history of HCV infection.Methods Published English literature was searched via pubmed and then reviewed. Results Approximately, 75-85% of HCV-infected persons will progress to chronic HCV infection. The rate of chronic HCV infection is affected by a person's age, gender, race, and viral immune response. Once chronic HCV infection develops, there are external and host factors that can increase the risk of progression of liver disease. Progression of chronic HCV infection is not linear in time, probably because many cofactors change the rate of development of fibrosis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. Factors linked with aggressive disease progression include age at infection, duration of infection, heavy alcohol use, co-infections with HIV or hepatitis B virus, male sex, steatosis, insulin resistance (and factors associated with the metabolic syndrome), and host genetics. However, the relative importance of many and varied factors remains uncertain, and further research efforts should be directed toward design of predictive models for effective risk stratification. Interferon-based therapy, particularly among those achieving a sustained virologic response (SVR), is associated with improved fibrosis and inflammation scores, reduced incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, and prolonged life expectancy. Conclusions Despite the progress in understanding the factors affecting the natural history of HCV infection, a great deal remains to be learnt.
收起
摘要 :
Hepatitis C virus (HCV),discovered in 1989, is the major causative agent of chronic viral hepatitis. Most patients progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the therapy of hepatitis C,only interferon has been us...
展开
Hepatitis C virus (HCV),discovered in 1989, is the major causative agent of chronic viral hepatitis. Most patients progress to liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. In the therapy of hepatitis C,only interferon has been used effectively as an anti-HCV reagent in Japan, but its effectiveness is limited to about 30 % of cases.Using human hepato-cyte cell line which could support efficient HCV replication, we previously found that lactoferrin inhibited HCV infection,and demonstrated that this inhibiting activity was due to the interaction of lactoferrin with HCV. Further analysis found that the carboxyl region of lactoferrin, which partially shows amino acid sequence homology to human CD81, specifically bound to the HCV E2 envelope protein, and identified a 33 amino acids as a critical binding domain of lactoferrin. On the other hand, it has been shown that bovine lactoferrin was effective in some patients with chronic hepatitis received an 8-week course of lactoferrin treatment. Further clinical trials showed that lactoferrin is a promising candidate for adjuvant therapy with interferon in patients with chronic hepatitis C.
收起
摘要 :
Pegylated interferon alfa in combination with ribavirin has been established as standard therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with sustained virologic response rates of 54–63%. The duration of therapy depends on ...
展开
Pegylated interferon alfa in combination with ribavirin has been established as standard therapy for chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with sustained virologic response rates of 54–63%. The duration of therapy depends on the HCV genotype with currently 48 weeks for genotype 1 and 24 weeks for genotypes 2 and 3.
收起
摘要 :
The diagnosis and treatment of infection with hepatitis B and C has undergone a paradigm shift in the past decade. Although children with these infections are usually asymptomatic with normal liver function, their evaluation and m...
展开
The diagnosis and treatment of infection with hepatitis B and C has undergone a paradigm shift in the past decade. Although children with these infections are usually asymptomatic with normal liver function, their evaluation and management can often involve complex issues and require specialized expertise. Here the authors review the common clinical scenarios which might be encountered by a general pediatrician, explain the various tests available for diagnosis, and provide practical guidelines for managing these children.
收起
摘要 :
Background/aim: Currently, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can be cured by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). In this study, we aimed to find the rate of viremia among patients with a positive anti-HCV test and the rate of antivir...
展开
Background/aim: Currently, hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can be cured by direct-acting antivirals (DAAs). In this study, we aimed to find the rate of viremia among patients with a positive anti-HCV test and the rate of antiviral treatment given to viremic patients. We also aimed to reach patients with anti-HCV positivity but not tested for HCV-RNA, and patients, who were diagnosed with HCV-RNA positivity but received no treatment. Materials and methods: In this study, individuals tested for anti-HCV in Tokat Gaziosmanpa?a University Research and Application Hospital in the period between January 2010 and January 2020 were reviewed retrospectively. Anti-HCV positive patients, who were not tested for HCV-RNA, and HCV-RNA positive patients, who did not receive treatment, were called for a follow-up visit in the outpatient clinic. Results: The prevalences of anti-HCV positivity and viremia among patients were 2.24% and 0.67%, respectively. A HCV-RNA test was ordered in 71.7% of the anti-HCV positive patients. Antiviral treatment was not given to 44.4% of the viremic patients. Of the patients, who were called for a follow-up visit in the outpatient clinic, 3.9% attended the visit. Of these patients, 0.8% were HCV-RNA positive and 0.7% received treatment. Conclusion: Although the rate of HCV-RNA testing was relatively high in patients with anti-HCV positivity, almost half of them did not receive treatment. We could reach only one-third of the patients, who were called for a follow-up visit, and only a few patients received treatment. Individuals with anti-HCV positivity should be referred to a specialist without delay and HCV-RNA testing should be performed immediately to achieve HCV elimination targets. The likelihood of difficulties in reaching patients later should be considered.
收起
原文获取